Metal Expansion Joint

Projects

VIBRATION ISOLATION FOR ONE OF THE LARGEST ALUMINIUM PLANT IN OMAN
CUSTOMISED METAL EXPANSION JOINT SOLUTION

Metal Expansion Joint for Aluminium Smelter Exhaust Ducting

CLIENT REQUIREMENT

Our team at Ocelflex was approached by an international engineering consultant involved in a major upgrade at one of the largest aluminium smelters in Oman. Ocelflex was chosen to design and manufacture a metal expansion joint for the potline exhaust ducting system, providing vibration isolation along with durable resistance to erosion and corrosion under extremely demanding operating conditions.

Their aluminium smelting process relied on Hall–Héroult pots that produce hot process gases, which are drawn through large exhaust ducts and directed to the Gas Treatment Centre (GTC). These ducts operate under extremely demanding service conditions:

The consultant required a steel expansion joint solution capable of absorbing thermal expansion and contraction of the ductwork, isolating vibration from high-capacity rotating equipment, and resisting the harsh internal environment.

OPERATING CHALLENGES

High Temperature Variation

From ambient during shutdowns to around 200°C during operation

Corrosive Gases

Including Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)

Abrasive Particulates

Alumina dust and carbon fines carried at high velocity

Strong Mechanical Vibration

Generated by large draft fans installed along the duct system

Cyclic Movement & Loading

Caused by thermal start/stop cycles combined with fan-induced vibration

Long Fatigue Life Required

Fabric or rubber expansion joints would fail quickly in this environment
Metal Expansion Joint Installation in Smelter Ducting

CLIENT EXPECTATION

The consultant required a steel expansion joint solution capable of absorbing thermal expansion and contraction of the ductwork, isolating vibration from high-capacity rotating equipment, and resisting the harsh internal environment. A flexible, fatigue-resistant metal expansion joint was identified as the only reliable long-term solution for this demanding application.

OCELFLEX DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

As an experienced metal expansion joint manufacturer in Oman, Ocelflex developed a customized solution tailored specifically to the smelter's demanding operating conditions.

ENGINEERED BELLOWS CONSTRUCTION
The potline exhaust duct is subjected to frequent temperature cycling. A multi-convolution metal expansion joint was selected to accommodate axial and lateral movement without transferring excessive stress to the ductwork or connected equipment.
The joints incorporated a 4-ply metal expansion bellow design, providing redundancy for enhanced safety, low spring rate for improved flexibility, and high fatigue resistance for long cyclic service life.
A deep convolution profile was chosen to reduce stress per convolution and improve movement capability during large thermal excursions.
MATERIAL SELECTION
For superior resistance to corrosion and elevated temperatures, the bellows were manufactured from Incoloy 825, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy well known for its excellent performance in acidic and chloride-containing environments.
This ensured the metal expansion joint could withstand both chemical attack and thermal stress over the long term.
PROTECTIVE FEATURES
High-velocity alumina dust and carbon fines can rapidly erode exposed components. An internal flow liner was incorporated to shield the bellows corrugations from direct particle impingement, significantly extending service life.
External protective covers were provided to prevent mechanical damage and external contamination of the corrugations, minimizing the risk of unplanned downtime.
Tie-rods and limiters were integrated into the design to control movement range and protect the metal expansion joint from over-extension or over-compression during pressure or vacuum transients.
STRATEGIC INSTALLATION

The metal expansion joints were installed near the suction and discharge of high-capacity fans. In these locations, the flexibility of the metal expansion bellows helps dampen vibration, preventing the transmission of dynamic loads into the ducting structure.

By positioning the steel expansion joint assemblies in high-vibration zones around the fans, the system achieved maximum vibration isolation while protecting both the ductwork and the rotating equipment.




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